Autobiography of Timur Shah Durrani; The second king of Afghanistan

Taimur Shah Durrani's photo

An abstract of Timur Shah Durrani's biography:

Full name: Timur Shah Abdali Durrani

Date of birth: 1155

Place of birth: Mashhad

Date of death: May 18, 1793

Burial place: Tomb of Timur Shah in Kabul

Reason for fame: The second king of Afghanistan

Biography of Timur Shah Durrani:

Timur Shah Durrani Ya Badali was the eldest son of Ahmad Shah Durani, who is known as the second king of Afan. He was born in Mashhad in 1155 and after his father Ahmad Shah died in 1167, he was elected as the crown prince. In the same year, due to Ahmad Shah's strong attack on Khorasan and his being far from Afghanistan, he appointed his son Timur as the viceroy. In 1168, Timur Shah returned to Herat from Lahore and remained as the ruler of Herat until his father's death.

After the Shah passed away, Shah Wali Khan his vizier, instead of Timur; He introduced Prince Suleiman as Pasha and entrusted the government to him, but Vali Khan acted against what Ahmed Shah had advised because he was Prince Suleiman's son-in-law, in the meantime, due to the control that Shah Wali Khan had over the affairs of the kingdom and Prince Suleiman. At that time, the princes and leaders turned away from him and moved towards Herat and Timur, at the same time, Timur went to Kandahar with a large army and captured it, then ordered to kill Wali Khan and his sons. In the same way, Timur was able to achieve his father's rule in 1186.

Pictures related to Timur Shah Durrani

Civil wars during the time of Timur Shah Durrani:

Rebellion of Abdul Khaliq Khan:

After Timur Shah settled Kandahar, he returned to Kabul and after seeing Kabul and its good weather, he chose this city as his capital. in 1188; Timur Shah was able to suppress Abdul Khaliq Khan Seduzai and his rebellion, Timur Shah and his independent government style caused; Many and great opponents rose up against him, so that Abdul Khaliq, who was known as the white beard of Sadouzai, was brought to the throne; Abdul Khaliq marched from Kandahar to Kabul to depose Timur and conquer Kabul. Timur Shah also set out from Kabul in a countermeasure with a 6,000-strong army, and finally Abdul Khaliq was arrested and blinded by the order of Timur Shah.

Faizullah Khan Rebellion:

When Timur Shah was residing in Al-Ahsar, Peshawar in 1193, Faizullah Khan Khalil along with a group of Peshawar khans took actions against Timur Shah. They attacked Timur's residence, then on the order of Timur Shah, troops entered the citadel to kill the attackers, as a result of which many rebels and people were killed.

Multan and Sind Rebellion:

Another rebellion broke out in 1195 in which Multan was captured by the rebels, then Timur Shah went to Multan to suppress the rebels and then returned to Kabul. The local Khanin in Sindh also refused to pay taxes to the government and claimed independence. This rebellion was also suppressed by Madd Khan, and not long after, another rebellion took place in 1200, and this time Ahmad Khan Nurzai severely suppressed them, then forced them to pay taxes. He had refused and was defeated by Timur Shah and Azad Khan was taken prisoner, finally he committed suicide in captivity.

Timur Shah Durrani's foreign policy:

invasion; War with Shah MoradakhAN:

Timur Shah Durrani in 1202 with Shah Murad Khan (Mir Masum Shah Murad); He went to war with the ruler of Bukhara who had attacked Merv.

Maro Shiites were under pressure to change their religion from Shah Morad Khan, after the campaign, Shah Timur sent a letter to Shah Morad Khan to dissuade him from his actions, but Shah Morad Khan did not accept this issue and along with his brother and an army of thirty thousand men; They attacked Timur's army for Shabikhun, but Timur Shah became aware of this action and prepared his troops to counterattack. In the end, the defeated army was Shah Morad Khan's troops, for this reason, he sent a delegation of religious scholars to Timur for reconciliation. Khan sent In this compromise, a treaty was concluded between Timur Shah and Shah Murad Khan, which included clauses such as; Amu Darya was placed as the boundary between Afghanistan and Bukhara.

Iran and India:

The foreign policy of this king was cautious and resourceful, although he did not attack to gain other regions of India and Iran, even though the regions, including Multan and Punjab, were under his rule.

Images related to the coins of Timur Durrani period

Cultural and social situation:

Timur Shah reigned for 21 years, during which time despite the great Khans; The powerful and powerful central government replaced the tribal customs.

Religious freedoms were determined by Timur Shah and middle class men were employed in the administration of the country and the government system regardless of language, race and religion. Handicraft trade and schools of science and poetry flourished during the time of Timur Shah.

The issue of Timur Shah Durrani's death and succession:

In 1207, Timur Shah died in Peshawar and his body was buried in Kabul. Some people say that his death was caused by drinking poison, and this is the first political death during Durrani's rule in Afghanistan.

Tomb of Timur Durrani

Timur Shah had 10 wives, from whom he had 33 sons and 10 daughters, due to the large number of children of this king and the lack of appointment of a crown prince. After his death, chaos arose in order to succeed him. The fifth son of Timur Shah, named Prince Zaman, and all the princes, of course, except Humayun, the eldest son of Timur Shah and the ruler of Kandahar, and Mahmud, the second son and the ruler of Herat, were invited to choose the successor. Prince Abbas presented himself as a volunteer and then declared his kingship, of course he was able to bring more supporters with him, but finally Prince Zaman imprisoned all the princes and their supporters and declared his kingship.

compilation: Cover biographical section