What were the reasons for the start of the Jamal War and its end?
war of words The first sedition against Imam Ali was after he accepted the Islamic caliphatewar of words
during the caliphate of Imam Ali (AS) to the first war that happened among Muslims; It is said that the war of Jamal was started by a group led by Aisha, the wife of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and Talha and Zubair against Imam Ali (PBUH) several months after the Imam's caliphate. In fact, this war was started by Ayesha and her companions on the pretext of wanting the blood of Uthman around Basra at noon on the 10th day of Jumadi al-Awali 36 lunar year and ended by sunset. Ayesha was riding a red-haired male camel in this battle, and for this reason, the name Jamel (male camel) was chosen for this battle.
The beginning of the Battle of Jamal
Since one of the soldiers of Imam Ali (AS) named Muslim bin Abdullah Majashei was assigned by the Imam to raise a copy of the Holy Qur'an between the two armies and invite them to the Qur'an and to avoid division. The battle of Jamal began. The Companions of Jamal's army killed Muslim bin Abdullah Majashei after following the orders of Imam Ali (a.s.). After these events, Imam Ali (a.s.) considered the war as legitimate.
The advice of Imam Ali (AS) to his companions was to not start a war and also not to kill a wounded person in this war, not to mutilate anyone, not to enter a house without permission, not to use obscenity, not to make fun of a woman, and in the camp of Companions of Jamal, Do not take anything.
Muawiya's role in the Battle of Jamal
Talha and Zubair, according to Allameh Tabatabai, provoked Muawiyah to start the Jamal war, and Talha, Zubair and Ya'ali bin Manbah gathered in Mecca under the orders of Mu'awiyah and incited the people against Imam Ali. According to the report of Ibn Abi al-Hadid, after Imam Ali (a.s.) sent a letter to Mu'awiyah and asked for allegiance from him, Mu'awiyah wrote a letter to Zubair with the following description: “Indeed, I took the oath of allegiance for you from the people of Sham, they accepted They gathered in my invitation in groups, so find Kufa and Basra because they are considered to be the most important cities, lest the son of Abu Talib surpass you, then I took allegiance from you for Talha. read.”
An alliance with Aisha
In order to advance their goals, Talha and Zubair asked Ayesha to accompany them to ask for Uthman's blood and take revenge on his killers. Finally, Ayesha accepted their request.
In the Battle of Jamal, Ayesha was sitting on the side of a camelIn fact, the cousin of the Prophet (pbuh) and Imam Ali (pbuh) and the husband of Aisha's sister was named Zubair. Abdullah played a significant role in igniting the war of Jamal and bringing Ayesha with Talha and Zubair. Ayesha because of her grudge against Ali (AS); He joined Talha and Zubair. In this way, Talha and Zubair and other separatists who were aware of this issue that to achieve their goal, they should only resort to Aisha, the wife of the Messenger of God (PBUH). They went to him until Aisha agreed to provide an army.
Imam's measures to prevent war
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) did not want the Battle of Jamal to happen. Therefore, he sent repeated messages three days after entering Basra, asking the rebels to return to “Jamaat” and “Taat”, but they did not accept. Sa'asa' bin Sohan went to Basra with a letter on the order of Imam Ali. After speaking with Talha and Zubair, he went to Ayesha and when he spoke with her, he felt that Ayesha was more inclined to do evil.
When Saasa' bin Sohan came back; Abdullah bin Abbas was sent by Imam Ali to Basra to deliver a message to Talha. Therefore, he said to Talha in Basra: Didn't you pledge allegiance? Talha said: The sword was above my head. Ibn Abbas said: I saw that you pledged your allegiance. Talha spoke about the blood of Uthman. Ibn Abbas said: Was it not Uthman who drank water from the well of his house for ten days and you did not allow him to use fresh water? Then Ali (peace be upon him) asked you to allow him to use fresh water.
After that, Ibn Abbas started talking to Aisha and Zubair. Ayesha was so sure that she would win this war that she did not show the slightest flexibility. Ibn Abbas was trying to avoid them from such danger with his strong arguments, but they did not accept.
red camel; Samaritan calf
Ayesha was sitting in the saddle of a camel during the Battle of Jamal. The main commander of the front, the commander of the cavalry and the commander of the infantry, respectively, were people like Zubair, Talha and Muhammad bin Talha. Nakhtin took care of Aisha's camel as a symbol of resistance and a flag of resistance. Therefore, most of the wars took place around Aisha's camel, and the seventy hands that tried to take the reins of her camel were cut off. Imam who saw resistance around the camel; He ordered to kill that camel. So some of Imam's companions gathered around the camel and killed it.
Prophet's news about Aisha's rebellion
The troops of the treaty breakers moved towards Basra to fight with Ali (peace be upon him). Ayesha heard the barking of dogs in the middle of the road in the area of ​​Hawab, and she was reminded of the news of the Holy Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, that he would protect his wives from being caught in the trap of sedition, and the barking of Hawab's dogs on the way. The listener had abstained. Ayesha wanted to return, but her niece named Abdullah bin Zubair brought fifty people from Bani Amer to her to testify falsely that there is no Hawab here.
Events after the Jamal War
Ayesha, who remained motionless like a dead body in Hodaj after the end of the Jamal war, was taken to Basra along with Muhammad bin Abi Bakr (her brother) to leave this city after a few days. Then he and a number of Basri men and women were sent to Medina. Ayesha regretted her action several times and expressed regret. After reciting the verse “Wa qarna fi biotkan” he was crying so much that his stomach was wet.
Jamal war was the first war of Imam Ali (a.s.) caliphate After the defeat of Companions of Jamal in this battle, Hazrat Ali (peace be upon him) forgave their survivors and said to the people of Basra: “I have forgiven all of you.” Do not seek sedition. You were the first oath breakers who split the ummah's staff in two. At the door of truth, repent” and addressed his companions, “Do not kill the captives and those who are wounded. Don't pursue the fugitives and don't take their property except weapons and equipment and the servants and maids of their camp, the rest is the legacy of their survivors.” The Imam allowed the people to bury their dead and prayed for the dead in Kufa and Basra and ordered to gather the separated parts of the bodies to bury them in a big grave. Then he brought the objects that were left in the campaign scene to the mosque and ordered everyone to take everything except the weapons. When Hazrat Ali won the battle; He adopted a policy of gentleness with the treaty breakers.
After the Jamal War ended; Imam Ali appeared in Jama Masjid to reprimand the people of Basra who broke the agreement. Imam Ali named them as “Junda al-Maraat and the people of Al-Bahima”; He addressed the women's corps and animal followers” and wrote the news of the Basra incident along with several letters to the cities of Medina and Kufa. Then Imam Ali, after issuing the order to open the treasury, divided it among his companions (twelve thousand people). This time Imam unlike Talha and Zubair, who saw the wealth of Bait Al-Mal and said: This is the promise of God and the Messenger, he said: O yellow and white gold, deceive anyone but me.
The Imam, peace be upon him, spent several months in Basra and after he chose the position of ruler of Basra for Abdullah bin Abbas on Monday 12th or 16th of Rajab 36 Hijri; He left for Kufa. Imam Ali arrived in Kufa on Monday, the 12th of Rajab.
Jang Jamel in the words of the Supreme Leader
The Supreme Leader's statement about the Companions of Jamal is as follows: “Nakhtin Front was considered as the second front that fought with Amirul Momineen. Nakhet means covenant breakers. At first, Muslims pledged allegiance to Amir al-Mu'minin, but then they broke their allegiance. In fact, this group, unlike the first group (Muawiyah and his companions), were insiders and they accepted the government of Ali bin Abi Talib to the extent that there was an acceptable share for them in that government, and after consulting with them, they were responsible for it. should be handed over and their property should not be attacked…. However, after three to four months, they saw that it is not possible to build with this government; This is because such a government does not recognize friends and acquaintances and is not considerate in the implementation of divine decrees. Therefore, they separated and started a war. They took the Ummah of the believers with them. Although many people were killed in this war, Amir al-Momenin won and settled the issues.
The Battle of Jamal was the first war between Muslimscompilation: Cover culture and thought section
