Getting to know the history of the Roman Empire and the reasons for its fall

Ancient Rome It was the center of one of the largest and most powerful empires in history

Roman Empire

According to legends, Remus and his brother Romulus (the first king of Rome) founded ancient Rome in the 8th century BC on seven hills. The Latins were the first inhabitants who lived in the fertile plains of Latium. Ancient Rome was under the control of the Etruscans during its early history. Rome grew steadily under the influence of Etruria. The occupation of Etruria ended around 500 and Rome became a republic.

History of the Roman Empire

The Romans formed their empire from the third century BC. Most of Western Europe, the Near East, and North Africa were under Roman rule until the second century AD. The result of the use of highly skilled and trained Roman legions was the success of the Roman Empire, which was well controlled from the center of the capital city of Rome.

Julius Caesar of the Republic, 45 years BC, took over ancient Rome and called himself the supreme dictator. Then Caesar Augustus was elected as the first Roman emperor in 27 BC. A period full of peace and glory was spent in Rome during the reign of this emperor. As the emperor, Augustus was very careful to maintain his position. By creating a protective guard, he paid them well and gave them the name Praetor's Guard. Managing the city of Rome became more difficult during the growth and expansion of the Roman Empire. Finally, by the decision of the ancient Roman leaders, Rome was divided into two Western Roman Empire and the Western Roman Empire. The Western Roman Empire was ruled by the city of Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire was ruled from Constantinople (modern day Istanbul in Turkey). The Eastern Roman Empire is known by other names, which include Byzantium or the Byzantine Empire.

The class society of the Romans

In the Roman society, three social classes such as patricians, palbians and slaves lived. Romulus chose the patricians to form the first senate and the palbians, who were the same Roman citizens. Unlike the Palabians, slaves did not have any rights in Roman territory, and violating them was an accepted practice. They had no right to beat the slave with a stick.

Divorce in the Roman Empire

The Romans considered marriage as a duty of citizenship. In order to benefit his family, the father had the permission to establish marriage as the head of the family, but divorce was considered a personal matter that the couple could decide on. considering that the women of Maimelek were their wives; Only the woman's dowry was returned to her family after divorce. A man could divorce his wife without any reason, but some of the reasons included infidelity, heavy drinking and making samples from house keys.

Worshiping multiple gods

The Romans worshiped many gods and were not monotheists like the Greeks. They took twelve of these goddesses and gods from the temple of the Greek gods, the most important of which are Jupiter, the protector of the empire or the Greek Zeus, Juno, the protector of women or the Greek Hera, and Minerva, the goddess of reason. And wisdom, or the Greek Athena, pointed out. Although these gods were among the people and with the people according to the Greeks, they rarely visited the earth in the Roman culture and protected Rome from the heavens.

Roman art

With the beginning of the Roman Empire, Roman art surpassed Greek art and was chosen instead. The formation of Roman art was based on the unified empire of this country, and this art was able to spread in a wide field by acquiring relatively uniform facilities. The characteristics and characteristics of Hellenic (Greek) art were speculative and this art was superior to the art of the Roman Empire in the first and second centuries AD. Sculpture based on Greek art was known as one of the prominent and original arts that replaced painting (Roman art).

One of the reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire was that it had grown too large

The characteristics of Roman art gradually increased and became superior to Greek art until the sampling and imitation of Greek works of art ended in the third century BC and Roman art gained superiority over Hellenic art. Roman art, with its impressive growth and development, was able to gain the position of the sculpting of the classical Greek age.

since the emperor Theodeus the Great died; Rome was divided into two vast countries. At the end of its era, the Western Roman Empire lost its classical characteristics due to the class base of the generals from the lowest ranks and their replacement by the aristocracy of art, and Greek art became obsolete with popular and urban characteristics. Greek works of art were associated with ceremonial and individual traits and characteristics based on economic, social, memorial conditions and lacked epic and dramatic, while Roman works of art had epic, historiographical and dramatic characteristics due to economic, social and political governance conditions. had.

The weakening of the Roman Empire

One of the reasons for the stagnation of the Roman Empire was its excessive expansion, which was difficult to manage. A single ruler was not able to manage a large land. British tribes attacked Rome from the north in the second century AD. One of the great emperors of the period named Marcus Aurelius defended the Roman Empire.

After Diocesan became emperor in 284 AD, he tried to reorganize the empire and divide it into smaller regions. Constantine the Great, who was one of his successors; He divided the Roman Empire into two parts, the Eastern Roman Empire with Constantinople as its capital and the Western Roman Empire with Rome as its capital. Constantine gave freedom to the Christians and promised not to bother them anymore. The first ruler who converted to Christianity; His name was Constantine.

In the fifth century, the Germanic tribes went south and attacked the Roman Empire. The vandals attacked Rome and looted the city. A tribal leader from Germany forced the Roman emperor to abdicate in 476. After that, the Eastern Roman Empire lasted for about a thousand years. After conquering Constantinople in 1453, the Ottomans chose it as the center of their empire.

Some of the reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire are as follows:

– The corruption of Roman politicians and rulers caused the fall of the Roman Empire.

Other reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire include civil wars and civil wars in the empire

– Barbarian tribes outside the empire such as Visigoths, Huns, Franks and Vandals attacked and caused the fall of the Roman Empire.

Ancient Roman culture spread throughout Europe during its rule

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