A detailed biography of Tusi, a poet of the 4th century AH

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He was the first person before Ferdowsi who tried to express the national stories of Iran in the form of poetry Accurate gray Was. This prominent Iranian poet started composing the Shahnameh, but due to being killed at a young age, he never succeeded in doing so, but Ferdowsi included his thousand verses in his Shahnameh.

An abstract of Tousi's detailed biography:

Full name: Abu Mansour Muhammad bin Ahmed Tosi

Date of birth: after 320 AH

Place of birth: Tos, Iran

Iranian nationality

Profession: Poet

Died: 367 to 369 AH

A detailed biography of Tusi

Tusi's detailed biography:

Abu Mansour Muhammad bin Ahmad Tosi, who is known by the short name Zahi, was born in 320 AH. According to various traditions, the birthplace of this valuable poet is mentioned in Tus, Balkh, Samarkand and Bukhara, but based on the latest research in this field, it is believed that he was born in the city of Tus.

Daqeem Tusi was one of the Persian language poets who lived in the 4th century of Hijri, according to what has been said; He or his family have been engaged in the business of selling flour. Regarding the exact name and title of Badiul Zaman Forozanfar has given this: His name is Muhammad bin Ahmad or Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ahmad or Mansour bin Ahmad, his nickname is Abu Mansour as narrated by Muhammad Awfi.

The first two narrations are in agreement about the name and they differ in the rejection of the relationship, but this difference is not of much value because in historical works they sometimes mention the ancestor instead of the father.

Regarding the third narration, it means that the exact name is Mansour ibn Ahmad, perhaps the name Mansour is from the nickname of Abu Mansour; It has been distorted and they have used it instead of a name, so with a high probability, his name was Abu Mansoor Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ahmed.

The exact word that is his nickname means flour and it is possible that he himself, his father or one of his ancestors was a flour seller in his early life.

Among all the people, Mohammad Daufi is the oldest person who talked about the title of poet, which is Daqhi. According to Awfi, the main reason for this title is as follows: “A Daqhi poem is more accurate than the work of Daqq and Tar Daqq, and he is known for his accuracy.” They said the meanings and compassion of the words accurately.

Tusi's detailed poems in Shahnameh

The beginning of writing Shahnameh:

Daqihi Tusi became famous during the time of Mansour bin Noah and Noah bin Mansour Samani, and at first he praised Abu Muzaffar Chaghani. It can be said that the first poet of the Shahnameh was Zachhi Tusi, whose thousand verses are written about the story of Gestasb and Zoroaster's appearance. This poet was killed by his slave at a young age, that is why he could not complete the Shahnameh, but Ferdowsi has included all his thousand verses in the Shahnameh. And it is according to his request that he has included the verses of his poems in the poems.

Tusi's style of poetry and precise poetry:

He had a skill in composing lyrical poems, and he was also a high-ranking poet in composing odes, sonnets, and pieces. Detailed poems can be seen scattered in the books of tazkira, history, etiquette and language, although the number of these poems is not many, but the same amount can inform about the mastery and skill of a precise poet, verbal poems were eloquent and smooth, strong And the sharpness of the mind is also completely visible in precise poems.

The ultimate strength of character and style of this poet can be seen in the various pieces that are left from Zachani; It can be seen, but parts of his Bahr Taqbarab or Gestasbnameh, which Ferdowsi quoted in Shahnameh, have anxious and weak verses, contradictory words, and broken stanzas, and as a result, they do not fit with his other poems.

In the position of comparison between the poems of Dakhi with Ferdowsi's poems, Abdul Hossein Zarinkoob says: Dakhi did not have the power of Ferdowsi in inventing new compositions, variety of interpretations, finding subtle similes and extracting meanings, and this, of course, shows the lack of maturity of the poet, because He was killed in his youth and before his poems reached full maturity.

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According to Zabihullah Safa, the style that he has adopted can be one of the best styles of Persian poetry in the composition of epic themes. It should be noted that in terms of a detailed comparison with Ferdowsi, he is completely committed to his sources and references, such as Iyatkar Zariran (a treatise in Pahlavi language about the wars of Zarir Baradar and General Ghstasab with the enemies of Zoroastrian religion) and he has made them into order without any deficiency or change. This issue has caused him to not be able to include literary points in “Gashtasabnameh”, while he displays his mastery and expertise well in his sonnets and poems.

Effects:

From the precision of Tusi, one can see scattered poems, sonnets, pieces and verses that are in books like; Tazkira, especially Labab al-albab and Majma al-Fasha, and books of history and literature such as Tarikh al-Bayhaqi, Tarjaman al-Balagha, Hadaeq al-Sahar and al-Mu'ajm, and dictionary books, especially Fars Asadi.

All these poems speak of mastery, skill, accuracy of imagination, gentleness of meanings, fluent vocabulary, but the eternal work of this poet is related to Gestasbnameh, that is, a part of Shahnameh. These verses were written in the description of Gestasp's reign, the emergence of Zoroaster, the religious war between Gestasp and Arjasp Turani.

Tosi's detailed works

The death of Zachhi Tusi:

The exact date of the death of this precious poet is not known, but based on the order given to him by Noah bin Mansour (reigned from 365 to 387), he started the Shahnameh poem and Ferdowsi continued his work around 365 AH. Based on this accurate information, the death must have taken place around the year 366.

In addition to this, according to Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Zahi was killed at a young age. According to Mohammad Debirsiyaghi, the beginning of Noah bin Mansour's reign was in 365 AH, and Ferdowsi also talks about his death in the Shahnameh, so the date of the poet's death must have happened between 396 and 367 AH.

compilation: Cover biographical section